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Cognition May 2024What is the relationship between experiencing individual body parts and the whole body as one's own? We theorised that body part ownership is driven primarily by the...
What is the relationship between experiencing individual body parts and the whole body as one's own? We theorised that body part ownership is driven primarily by the perceptual binding of visual and somatosensory signals from specific body parts, whereas full-body ownership depends on a more global binding process based on multisensory information from several body segments. To examine this hypothesis, we used a bodily illusion and asked participants to rate illusory changes in ownership over five different parts of a mannequin's body and the mannequin as a whole, while we manipulated the synchrony or asynchrony of visual and tactile stimuli delivered to three different body parts. We found that body part ownership was driven primarily by local visuotactile synchrony and could be experienced relatively independently of full-body ownership. Full-body ownership depended on the number of synchronously stimulated parts in a nonlinear manner, with the strongest full-body ownership illusion occurring when all parts received synchronous stimulation. Additionally, full-body ownership influenced body part ownership for nonstimulated body parts, and skin conductance responses provided physiological evidence supporting an interaction between body part and full-body ownership. We conclude that body part and full-body ownership correspond to different processes and propose a hierarchical probabilistic model to explain the relationship between part and whole in the context of multisensory awareness of one's own body.
Topics: Humans; Visual Perception; Body Image; Illusions; Human Body; Ownership; Touch Perception; Hand; Proprioception
PubMed: 38364444
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105697 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2021The purpose of this study was to explore body image correlates of voluntary consumption of physique-salient media. A secondary aim was to assess changes in affect...
The purpose of this study was to explore body image correlates of voluntary consumption of physique-salient media. A secondary aim was to assess changes in affect following media consumption. Young adult men ( = 47; mean age = 20.2 years) and women ( = 87; mean age = 19.5 years) were discretely exposed to images of same-sex models with idealized- and average-physiques while completing an irrelevant computer task. Voluntary gaze at the images was covertly recorded via hidden cameras. Participants also completed measures of affect before and after the computer task. Measures of body-related envy, body appreciation, and self-perceptions of attractiveness, thinness, and physical strength were completed. Men and women did not differ in how often nor for how long they looked at the images overall, but body image variables were differentially associated with their voluntary gaze behaviors. For men, higher body-related envy and lower body appreciation were correlated with more looks at the average-physique model. Although women reported higher body-related envy than men, envy and body appreciation were not significant correlates of gaze behaviors for women. Both men and women experienced a general affective decrease over time, but only for men was the change in negative affect associated with their time spent looking at the ideal-physique image. Overall, these findings suggest that body-related envy and body appreciation influence how men choose to consume physique-salient media, and that media consumption may have negative consequences for post-exposure affect. Body image factors appear to be more strongly associated with behavior in men, perhaps because men are generally less often exposed to physique-salient media and, in particular, to average-physique images.
Topics: Adult; Body Image; Female; Human Body; Humans; Male; Self Concept; Thinness; Young Adult
PubMed: 33806533
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052549 -
Attention, Perception & Psychophysics Nov 2022Evidence from multisensory body illusions suggests that body representations may be malleable, for instance, by embodying external objects. However, adjusting body...
Evidence from multisensory body illusions suggests that body representations may be malleable, for instance, by embodying external objects. However, adjusting body representations to current task demands also implies that external objects become disembodied from the body representation if they are no longer required. In the current web-based study, we induced the embodiment of a two-dimensional (2D) virtual hand that could be controlled by active movements of a computer mouse or on a touchpad. Following initial embodiment, we probed for disembodiment by comparing two conditions: Participants either continued moving the virtual hand or they stopped moving and kept the hand still. Based on theoretical accounts that conceptualize body representations as a set of multisensory bindings, we expected gradual disembodiment of the virtual hand if the body representations are no longer updated through correlated visuomotor signals. In contrast to our prediction, the virtual hand was instantly disembodied as soon as participants stopped moving it. This result was replicated in two follow-up experiments. The observed instantaneous disembodiment might suggest that humans are sensitive to the rapid changes that characterize action and body in virtual environments, and hence adjust corresponding body representations particularly swiftly.
Topics: Humans; Human Body; Illusions; Hand; Body Image; Movement; Visual Perception; Proprioception; Touch Perception
PubMed: 36045312
DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02544-w -
Il Giornale Di Chirurgia 2017
Topics: Anatomy; Archaeology; History, Ancient; Human Body; Italy; Sculpture
PubMed: 29182897
DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2017.38.4.161 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Bacterial biofilms can be found in most environments on our planet, and the human body is no exception. Consisting of microbial cells encased in a matrix of... (Review)
Review
Bacterial biofilms can be found in most environments on our planet, and the human body is no exception. Consisting of microbial cells encased in a matrix of extracellular polymers, biofilms enable bacteria to sequester themselves in favorable niches, while also increasing their ability to resist numerous stresses and survive under hostile circumstances. In recent decades, biofilms have increasingly been recognized as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic infections. However, biofilms also occur in or on certain tissues in healthy individuals, and their constituent species are not restricted to canonical pathogens. In this review, we discuss the evidence for where, when, and what types of biofilms occur in the human body, as well as the diverse ways in which they can impact host health under homeostatic and dysbiotic states.
Topics: Humans; Human Body; Prevalence; Bacteria; Biofilms; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 37712058
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1237164 -
Molecular Biology of the Cell Aug 2018The adult human body is composed of nearly 37 trillion cells, each with potentially unique molecular characteristics. This Perspective describes some of the challenges... (Review)
Review
The adult human body is composed of nearly 37 trillion cells, each with potentially unique molecular characteristics. This Perspective describes some of the challenges and opportunities faced in mapping the molecular characteristics of these cells in specific regions of the body and highlights areas for international collaboration toward the broader goal of comprehensively mapping the human body with cellular resolution.
Topics: Cells; Genomics; Human Body; Humans; International Cooperation; Single-Cell Analysis
PubMed: 30058989
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E18-04-0260 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022This article contains and discusses the results of research on the source of polonium Po and radio-lead Pb in the human body of adults living in Poland. An adult... (Review)
Review
This article contains and discusses the results of research on the source of polonium Po and radio-lead Pb in the human body of adults living in Poland. An adult inhabitant of Poland receives an effective annual radiation dose of 309 µSv from inhalation and absorption of Po and Pb. The main sources of both radionuclides in the body is cigarette and marijuana smoking. In terms of food, the consumption of fish, cereals, vegetables and fruit as well as mushrooms have the largest contribution to annual dose. This study highlights the importance of cigarette smoking and the growing importance of marijuana hash smoking as the main source of Po and Pb for adults living in Poland. The calculated dose that results from the decay of both radionuclides in body is 1/10 of the annual radiation dose received by a Polish inhabitant from natural sources (2.8 mSv) and is almost five times lower than the dose resulting from the inhalation of Rn.
Topics: Animals; Human Body; Humans; Lead; Lead Radioisotopes; Poland; Polonium; Radiation Monitoring
PubMed: 35206170
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041984 -
PloS One 2022Body segment parameters are inputs for a range of applications. Participant-specific estimates of body segment parameters are desirable as this requires fewer prior...
Body segment parameters are inputs for a range of applications. Participant-specific estimates of body segment parameters are desirable as this requires fewer prior assumptions and can reduce outcome measurement errors. Commonly used methods for estimating participant-specific body segment parameters are either expensive and out of reach (medical imaging), have many underlying assumptions (geometrical modelling) or are based on a specific subset of a population (regression models). Our objective was to develop a participant-specific 3D scanning and body segmentation method that estimates body segment parameters without any assumptions about the geometry of the body, ethnic background, and gender, is low-cost, fast, and can be readily available. Using a Microsoft Kinect Version 2 camera, we developed a 3D surface scanning protocol that enabled the estimation of participant-specific body segment parameters. To evaluate our system, we performed repeated 3D scans of 21 healthy participants (10 male, 11 female). We used open source tools to segment each body scan into 16 segments (head, torso, abdomen, pelvis, left and right hand, forearm, upper arm, foot, shank and thigh) and wrote custom software to estimate each segment's mass, mass moment of inertia in the three principal orthogonal axes relevant to the center of the segment, longitudinal length, and center of mass. We compared our body segment parameter estimates to those obtained using two comparison methods and found that our system was consistent in estimating total body volume between repeated scans (male p = 0.1194, female p = 0.2240), estimated total body mass without significant differences when compared to our comparison method and a medical scale (male p = 0.8529, female p = 0.6339), and generated consistent and comparable estimates across a range of the body segment parameters of interest. Our work here outlines and provides the code for an inexpensive 3D surface scanning method for estimating a range of participant-specific body segment parameters.
Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Female; Human Body; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Software; Young Adult
PubMed: 34986175
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262296 -
Journal of Environmental and Public... 2022The body is not only a physical body but also a communicative body which constructs meaning through communication, and the human body health exerts a considerable...
The body is not only a physical body but also a communicative body which constructs meaning through communication, and the human body health exerts a considerable influence on self-identity and society. The most fundamental power contained in the communicative body of human constitutes our concept and existing culture. Through in-depth interviews, this paper attempts to analyze the daily microphysical practice of Hui'an women of Xuehua Village in Southeastern China and analyze the meaning of symbol which generates from the body of Hui'an women coming and returning between the husbands' and the natal family. Because of the marriage customs of "extended natal residence marriage," how the interaction of the human body health continues this special marriage custom and preserves the face of women in this community is shown.
Topics: China; Communication; Female; Human Body; Humans; Marriage; Spouses
PubMed: 36034630
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2167726 -
Computational Intelligence and... 2022With the development of information management of sports events, basketball teams have higher requirements for the management of training data. The development of data...
With the development of information management of sports events, basketball teams have higher requirements for the management of training data. The development of data visualization technology has provided convenience for information management which evolves from a digital management model to an efficient graphical management model. In this article, we will mainly design a human body positioning system based on wireless sensor networks. The weak signal from the sensor is tuned by the circuit, and the cylindrical Fresnel lens array is selected to modulate the field of view to ensure an effective response to the infrared signal of the moving human body. The wireless sensor network is used to integrate the human body detected by each pyroelectric sensor node, and the infrared signal is sent to the upper computer for analysis and processing. Through the host computer interface, observe and analyze the relationship between the detection signal of a single pyroelectric sensor and the position, speed, and movement of the moving human body, and deeply explore the operating process of the wireless pyroelectric infrared sensor network system. With the development of the new era, Chinese basketball training and teaching methods generally have some drawbacks, which have seriously affected the quality and effect of college basketball training and restricted the development of college basketball. Therefore, the focus of research is to solve these problems in order to achieve more effective college basketball training and education effects. This article mainly through the research of 5G technology wireless sensing human body positioning shows that wireless sensing technology has made great progress in its aspects, systematically analyzes basketball training, and proposes better training methods.
Topics: Basketball; Computer Communication Networks; Human Body; Humans; Patient Positioning; Wireless Technology
PubMed: 35707185
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2369925